The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.